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Keyes, Robert F. ; McAllister, Donna ; Dwinell, Michael B. , et al. STAR Protoc.,2023,4(3):102437.
Abstract: Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) compounds like mito-metformin (MMe) target cancer cells by exploiting their hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing TPP+ analogs with selectivity for mammalian cancer cells, reduced toxicity, and quantifiability using fluorine-19 NMR (19F-NMR). We describe steps for treating mammalian cells with mitochondria-targeted compounds, treating and preparing mouse tissue with these compounds, and 19F-NMR detection of MMe analogs in cells and tissue. TPP+-conjugated metformin analogs include para-methoxy (pMeO-MMe) and para-trifluoromethyl MMe (pCF3-MMe) and meta-trifluoromethyl MMe (mCF3-MMe).
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CAS No. : | 2114-02-5 |
Formula : | C2H6N4S |
M.W : | 118.16 |
SMILES Code : | S=C(N)NC(N)=N |
MDL No. : | MFCD00014472 |
InChI Key : | OKGXJRGLYVRVNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 2724563 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P301+P312-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In ethanol; acetone; | (A) Ethyl 2-Guanidino-5-thiazolecarboxylate Hydrochloride A solution of amidinothiourea (117 g; 0.99 mole) and ethyl chloro-alpha-formylacetate (150 g; 1.0 mole) in 3.5 liters of absolute ethanol was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours and then heated at reflux temperature for 1 hour. At this time additional ethyl chloro-alpha-formylacetate (20.0 g; 0.13 mole) was added and 1 hour later another 20.0 g of ethyl chloro-alpha-formylacetate was added. After 2 hours of additional heating at reflux temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue triturated with 1.5 liters of acetone and filtered to give 103 g of product. Recrystallization from 2-propanol yielded the title compound, mp 204-206. Anal. Calcd for C7 H11 ClN4 O2 S: C, 33.53; H, 4.43; N, 22.35; Cl, 14.14; S, 12.79. Found: C, 33.38; H, 4.40; N, 22.54; Cl, 13.97; S, 12.92. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen bromide; bromine; In ethanol; chloroform; acetic acid; | The 2-guanidino-4-(3-aminophenyl)-5-methylthiazole dihydrochloride used as starting material may be prepared as follows: To a stirred mixture of <strong>[17408-16-1]m-nitropropiophenone</strong> (3.6 g.) in chloroform (50 ml.) was added 3 drops of a solution of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (45% w/v). Bromine (3.2 g.) in chloroform (10 ml.) was then added dropwise. After addition the mixture was stirred until colourless, evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in ethanol (50 ml.) and this solution added to amidinothiourea (2.4 g.) in ethanol (150 ml.) at reflux. The mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes and then evaporated to approximately 50 ml. On standing overnight at room temperature a crystalline solid was produced. This was filtered off, washed with ethanol and air-dried to give 6.05 g. of 2-guanidino-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-methylthiazole hydrobromide, m.p. 217-222 C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen bromide; bromine; In ethanol; chloroform; acetic acid; | The 2-guanidino-4-(3-amino-4-fluorophenyl)thiazole used as starting material may be prepared as follows: To a solution of <strong>[72802-25-6]3-fluoro-4-nitroacetophenone</strong> (6 g.) in chloroform (40 ml.) was added 2 drops of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (45% w/v) followed by bromine (1.75 ml.) added dropwise. After the bromine colour had disappeared the clear yellow solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue, dissolved in hot ethanol (40 ml.), was added to amidinothiourea (4.0 g.) in ethanol (100 ml.) under reflux. The mixture was heated under reflux for 15 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. The crystalline solid was filtered off to give 8.8 g. of 2-guanidino4-(3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)thiazole hydrobromide, m.p. 248-252 C. |
Tags: 2114-02-5 synthesis path| 2114-02-5 SDS| 2114-02-5 COA| 2114-02-5 purity| 2114-02-5 application| 2114-02-5 NMR| 2114-02-5 COA| 2114-02-5 structure
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P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
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P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
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P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
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H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
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H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
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H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
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