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Surveying the scope of aromatic decarboxylations catalyzed by prenylated-flavin dependent enzymes
Anushree Mondal ; Pronay Roy ; Jaclyn Carrannatto ; Prathamesh M. Datar ; Daniel J. DiRocco ; Katherine Huntera and E. Neil G. Marsh
Abstract: The prenylated-flavin mononucleotide-dependent decarboxylases (also known as UbiD-like enzymes) are the most recently discovered family of decarboxylases. The modified flavin facilitates the decarboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids through a novel mechanism involving 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition chemistry. UbiD-like enzymes have attracted considerable interest for biocatalysis applications due to their ability to catalyse (de)carboxylation reactions on a broad range of aromatic substrates at otherwise unreactive carbon centres. There are now ~35[thin space (1/6-em)]000 protein sequences annotated as hypothetical UbiD-like enzymes. Sequence similarity network analyses of the UbiD protein family suggests that there are likely dozens of distinct decarboxylase enzymes represented within this family. Furthermore, many of the enzymes so far characterized can decarboxylate a broad range of substrates. Here we describe a strategy to identify potential substrates of UbiD-like enzymes based on detecting enzyme-catalysed solvent deuterium exchange into potential substrates. Using ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC) as a model system, we tested a diverse range of aromatic and heterocyclic molecules for their ability to undergo enzyme-catalysed H/D exchange in deuterated buffer. We found that FDC catalyses H/D exchange, albeit at generally very low levels, into a wide range of small, aromatic molecules that have little resemblance to its physiological substrate. In contrast, the sub-set of aromatic carboxylic acids that are substrates for FDC-catalysed decarboxylation is much smaller. We discuss the implications of these findings for screening uncharacterized UbiD-like enzymes for novel (de)carboxylase activity.
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Purchased from AmBeed: 27916-43-4 ; 2438-05-3 ; 501-89-3 ; 42287-94-5 ; 776-79-4 ; 53473-36-2 ; 7251-61-8 ; 42287-97-8 ; 1621-91-6 ; 37718-11-9 ; 288-13-1 ; 86-73-7 ; 104-53-0 ; 2018-90-8 ; 87-66-1 ; 135-19-3 ; 1664-57-9 ; 289-80-5 ; 693-95-8 ; 55-22-1 ; 102-93-2 ; 1477-50-5 ; 1632-76-4 ; 4780-79-4 ; 16642-79-8 ; 3581-89-3 ; 501-97-3 ; 771-50-6 ; 98-98-6 ; 619-64-7 ; 100-51-6 ; 402-45-9 ; 59-67-6 ; 93-60-7 ; 273-53-0 ; 2084-13-1 ; 51-17-2 ; 2459-09-8 ; 2459-07-6 ; 95-16-9 ; 459-31-4 ; 90-05-1 ; 150-76-5 ; 103-25-3 ; 271-44-3 ; 6293-56-7 ; 2550-26-7 ; 288-32-4 ; 501-52-0 ; 2001-32-3 ; 1592-38-7 ; 95-15-8 ; 91-19-0 ; 1122-61-8 ; 3724-19-4 ; 20173-24-4 ; 118-31-0 ; 6125-24-2 ; 60-12-8 ; 90-15-3 ; 120-72-9 ; 822-36-6 ; 288-47-1 ; 288-42-6 ; 2038-57-5 ; 38628-51-2 ; 1929-29-9 ; 15009-91-3 ; 1505-50-6 ; 581-40-8 ; 616-47-7 ; 1571-33-1
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CAS No. : | 1664-57-9 |
Formula : | C9H9NO4 |
M.W : | 195.17 |
SMILES Code : | [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC(=C1)CCC(=O)O |
MDL No. : | MFCD01310835 |
InChI Key : | ZOANOABZUNJOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 2760224 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H332-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 14 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.22 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 4 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 4.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 1.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 51.62 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
83.12 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
1.14 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
1.84 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
1.61 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
0.89 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
-0.25 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
1.05 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-2.26 |
Solubility | 1.07 mg/ml ; 0.00547 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-3.21 |
Solubility | 0.121 mg/ml ; 0.000622 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-1.97 |
Solubility | 2.12 mg/ml ; 0.0108 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
No |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-6.18 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.56 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
2.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.67 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With thionyl chloride; at 60.0℃; for 2.0h; | To a solution of above product (1.0 eq) in MeOH (0.74 M) was added SOCb (2.0 eq) at RT. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 C for 2 h. Then the mixture was cooled down to r.t, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted withH20 (150 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2x50 mL). The organic phase was washed with sat. aq NaHCOs (2x20 mL), dried over Na2S04, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether/EtOAc 10:1) to give the title compound as a white solid. | |
With hydrogenchloride; at 60.0℃; for 1.0h; | A mixture of intermediate 1 (5 g, 25.62 mmol, 1 eq) and HCl/MeOH (50 mL) was heated to 60 C, and the mixture was stirred at 60 C for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS and when omplete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 2 (5.3 g, crude) was obtained as a white solid. LCMS: m/z = 210.1 (M+H+), 1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.10 (s, 1 H) 8.05 (dd, >8.13, 1.65 Hz, 1 H) 7.71 (d, >7.58 Hz, 1 H) 7.53 - 7.61 (m, 1 H) 3.57 s, 3 H) 2.94- 3.03 (m, 2 H) 2.66 - 2.75 (m, 2 H). | |
With hydrogenchloride; at 60.0℃; for 1.0h; | A mixture of intermediate 1 (5 g, 25.62 mmol, 1 eq) and HCl/MeOH (50 mL) was heated to 60 C, and the mixture was stirred at 60 C for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS and when omplete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate 2 (5.3 g, crude) was obtained as a white solid. LCMS: m/z = 210.1 (M+H+), 1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.10 (s, 1 H) 8.05 (dd, >8.13, 1.65 Hz, 1 H) 7.71 (d, >7.58 Hz, 1 H) 7.53 - 7.61 (m, 1 H) 3.57 s, 3 H) 2.94- 3.03 (m, 2 H) 2.66 - 2.75 (m, 2 H). |
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