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Multifaceted regulation of Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) Deacetylase Activity
Abeywardana, Maheeshi Yapa ; Whedon, Samuel D ; Lee, Kwangwoon , et al. JBC,2024,107722. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107722 PubMed ID: 39214297
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Abstract: Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent lysine deacylases and plays important roles in regulation of the cell cycle and gene expression. As a nucleocytoplasmic deacetylase, Sirt2 has been shown to target both histone and non-histone acetylated protein substrates. The central catalytic domain of Sirt2 is flanked by flexible N- and C-termini, which vary in length and composition with alternative splicing. These termini are further subject to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including phosphorylation. Here we investigate the function of the N- and C-termini on deacetylation of nuclear substrates by Sirt2. Remarkably, we find that the C-terminus autoinhibits deacetylation, while the N-terminus enhances deacetylation of proteins and peptides, but not nucleosomes—a chromatin model substrate. Using protein semisynthesis we characterize the effect of cell cycle-linked N-terminal phosphorylation at two major phosphorylation sites (Ser23/Ser25) and find that these further enhance protein/peptide deacetylation, with no effect on nucleosome deacetylation. Additionally, we find that VRK1, an established binding partner of both Sirt2 and nucleosomes, can stimulate deacetylation of nucleosomes by Sirt2, likely through an electrostatic mechanism. Taken together, these findings reveal multiple mechanisms regulating the activity of Sirt2, which allow for a broad range of activities across its multiple biological roles.
Purchased from AmBeed: 158171-14-3 ; 166108-71-0
CAS No. : | 166108-71-0 | MDL No. : | MFCD01321015 |
Formula : | C21H23NO6 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | XQPYRJIMPDBGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 385.41 | Pubchem ID : | 2756092 |
Synonyms : |
Fmoc-NH-PEG2-CH2COOH
|
Chemical Name : | 1-(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)-3-oxo-2,7,10-trioxa-4-azadodecan-12-oic acid |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
SPPS method B refers to the synthesis of a protected peptidyl resin using Fmoc chemistry on a microwave based Liberty peptide synthesiser (CEM Corp., North Carolina). A suitable resin is a pre-loaded, low-load Wang resinavailable from Novabiochem (e.g. low load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin, 0.35 mmol/g). Fmoc-deprotection was with 5percentpiperidine in NMP at up to 70 or 75°C. The coupling chemistry was DIC/HOAt in NMP. Amino acid/HOAt solutions (0.3M in NMP at a molar excess of 3-10 fold) were added to the resin followed by the same molar equivalent of DIC (0.75Min NMP). For example, the following amounts of 0.3M amino acid/HOAt solution were used per coupling for the followingscale reactions: Scale/ml, 0.10 mmol/2.5 ml, 0.25 mmol/5 ml, 1 mmol/15 ml. Coupling times and temperatures weregenerally 5 minutes at up to 70 or 75°C. Longer coupling times were used for larger scale reactions, for example 10min. Histidine amino acids were double coupled at 50°C, or quadruple coupled if the previous amino acid was stericallyhindered (e.g. Aib). Arginine amino acids were coupled at RT for 25 min then heated to 70 or 75°C for 5 min. Someamino acids such as but not limited to Aib, were "double coupled", meaning that after the first coupling (e.g. 5 min at75°C), the resin is drained and more reagents are added (amino acid, HOAt and DIC), and the mixture in heated again(e.g. 5 min at 75°C). When a chemical modification of a lysine side chain was desired, the lysine was incorporated asLys(Mtt). The Mtt group was removed by washing the resin with DCM and suspending the resin in neat (undiluted)hexafluoroisopropanol for 20 minutes followed by washing with DCM and NMP. The chemical modification of the lysinewas performed either by manual synthesis (see SPPS method D) or by one or more automated steps on the Libertypeptide synthesiser as described above, using suitably protected building blocks (see General methods), optionallyincluding a manual coupling. Preparation method: SPPS Method B, starting with low-load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin. Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH was used in position 26, and Boc-His(trt)-OH was used in position 7. The Mtt was removedwith HFIP, and 8-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-amino)-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (commercially available from Iris Biotech),Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, and 3-(9-carboxy-nonyloxy)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester were coupled using a double couplingmethod on the Liberty Peptide synthesiser.UPLC (method 04_A4_1): 10.01 minUPLC (method 08_B4_1): 8.81 minLCMS4: m/z = 978.5 (M+5H)5+, 1222.8 (M+4H)4+, 1630.1 (M+3H)3+ |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
SPPS method B refers to the synthesis of a protected peptidyl resin using Fmoc chemistry on a microwave based Liberty peptide synthesiser (CEM Corp., North Carolina). A suitable resin is a pre-loaded, low-load Wang resinavailable from Novabiochem (e.g. low load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin, 0.35 mmol/g). Fmoc-deprotection was with 5percentpiperidine in NMP at up to 70 or 75°C. The coupling chemistry was DIC/HOAt in NMP. Amino acid/HOAt solutions (0.3M in NMP at a molar excess of 3-10 fold) were added to the resin followed by the same molar equivalent of DIC (0.75Min NMP). For example, the following amounts of 0.3M amino acid/HOAt solution were used per coupling for the followingscale reactions: Scale/ml, 0.10 mmol/2.5 ml, 0.25 mmol/5 ml, 1 mmol/15 ml. Coupling times and temperatures weregenerally 5 minutes at up to 70 or 75°C. Longer coupling times were used for larger scale reactions, for example 10min. Histidine amino acids were double coupled at 50°C, or quadruple coupled if the previous amino acid was stericallyhindered (e.g. Aib). Arginine amino acids were coupled at RT for 25 min then heated to 70 or 75°C for 5 min. Someamino acids such as but not limited to Aib, were "double coupled", meaning that after the first coupling (e.g. 5 min at75°C), the resin is drained and more reagents are added (amino acid, HOAt and DIC), and the mixture in heated again(e.g. 5 min at 75°C). When a chemical modification of a lysine side chain was desired, the lysine was incorporated asLys(Mtt). The Mtt group was removed by washing the resin with DCM and suspending the resin in neat (undiluted)hexafluoroisopropanol for 20 minutes followed by washing with DCM and NMP. The chemical modification of the lysinewas performed either by manual synthesis (see SPPS method D) or by one or more automated steps on the Libertypeptide synthesiser as described above, using suitably protected building blocks (see General methods), optionallyincluding a manual coupling.Preparation method: SPPS method B, starting with low-load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin.Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH was used in position 26, and Boc-His(trt)-OH was used in position 7. The Mtt was removed withHFIP, and 8-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-amino)-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (commercially available from Iris Biotech)and 4-(9-carboxy-nonyloxy)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester (prepared as described in Example 25, step 2 of WO2006/082204) were coupled using a double coupling method on the Liberty Peptide synthesiserUPLC (method 04_A3_1): 10.51 minLCMS4: m/z = 1085.2 (M+4H)4+, 1447.3 (M+3H)3+ |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
SPPS method B refers to the synthesis of a protected peptidyl resin using Fmoc chemistry on a microwave based Liberty peptide synthesiser (CEM Corp., North Carolina). A suitable resin is a pre-loaded, low-load Wang resinavailable from Novabiochem (e.g. low load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin, 0.35 mmol/g). Fmoc-deprotection was with 5percentpiperidine in NMP at up to 70 or 75°C. The coupling chemistry was DIC/HOAt in NMP. Amino acid/HOAt solutions (0.3M in NMP at a molar excess of 3-10 fold) were added to the resin followed by the same molar equivalent of DIC (0.75Min NMP). For example, the following amounts of 0.3M amino acid/HOAt solution were used per coupling for the followingscale reactions: Scale/ml, 0.10 mmol/2.5 ml, 0.25 mmol/5 ml, 1 mmol/15 ml. Coupling times and temperatures weregenerally 5 minutes at up to 70 or 75°C. Longer coupling times were used for larger scale reactions, for example 10min. Histidine amino acids were double coupled at 50°C, or quadruple coupled if the previous amino acid was stericallyhindered (e.g. Aib). Arginine amino acids were coupled at RT for 25 min then heated to 70 or 75°C for 5 min. Someamino acids such as but not limited to Aib, were "double coupled", meaning that after the first coupling (e.g. 5 min at75°C), the resin is drained and more reagents are added (amino acid, HOAt and DIC), and the mixture in heated again(e.g. 5 min at 75°C). When a chemical modification of a lysine side chain was desired, the lysine was incorporated asLys(Mtt). The Mtt group was removed by washing the resin with DCM and suspending the resin in neat (undiluted)hexafluoroisopropanol for 20 minutes followed by washing with DCM and NMP. The chemical modification of the lysinewas performed either by manual synthesis (see SPPS method D) or by one or more automated steps on the Libertypeptide synthesiser as described above, using suitably protected building blocks (see General methods), optionallyincluding a manual coupling. Preparation method: SPPS method B, starting with low-load Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-Wang resin. Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OHwas used in position 26, and Boc-His(Trt)-OH was used in position 7. The Mtt was removed with HFIP, and 8-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-amino)-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (commercially available from Iris Biotech), Fmoc-Glu-OtBu,and 4-(9-carboxy-nonyloxy)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester (prepared as described in Example 25, step 2 of WO2006/082204) were coupled using a double coupling method on the Liberty Peptide synthesiser.UPLC (method 04_A3_1): 7.19 minLCMS4: m/z = 978.5 (M+5H)5+, 1222.8 (M+4H)4+ 1630.1 (M+3H)3+ |