Structure of 154327-27-2
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CAS No. : | 154327-27-2 |
Formula : | C7H3ClFNS |
M.W : | 187.62 |
SMILES Code : | FC1=CC2=C(SC(Cl)=N2)C=C1 |
MDL No. : | MFCD09749234 |
InChI Key : | IHMBREJYLPBYSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 11240896 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 11 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 9 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 0 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 44.59 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
41.13 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
2.26 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
3.44 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
3.51 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
2.53 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
4.21 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
3.19 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-3.78 |
Solubility | 0.0314 mg/ml ; 0.000168 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-3.98 |
Solubility | 0.0194 mg/ml ; 0.000104 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-3.87 |
Solubility | 0.0255 mg/ml ; 0.000136 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-5.0 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
0.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
2.28 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With sulfuryl dichloride; In dichloromethane; at 22℃; for 1.0h;Cooling with ice; | General procedure: GP3-2: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in 10 volume of anhydrous DCM, was added by sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2, 1 volume) under ice-cooled condition. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hour, which was monitored by TLC. After consumption of starting material, the mixture was diluted by 30 volume of ether, following quenching carefully by adding water. Stirring was kept for 1 hour to make sure the SO2Cl2 was totally consumed and product was released. Organic layer was collected, neutralized by saturated NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4 and purified by silica gel chromatograph to give the pure product, which was finally characterized by LC-MS and NMR.; 2-chloro-7-fluorobenzothiazole The title compound was prepared according to GP3-2, which was purified by flash column chromatography using PE/EA (20/1) as eluent to give the colorless oil. (420 mg, 22percent yield) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta 7.76 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (td, J=8.1, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) delta 156.11 (d, J=250.1 Hz), 154.27, 153.45 (d, J=2.8 Hz), 127.63 (d, J=7.3 Hz), 123.25 (d, J=17.6 Hz), 118.80 (d, J=3.7 Hz), 111.41 (d, J=18.3 Hz). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With hydrogenchloride; In 1,4-dioxane; butan-1-ol; at 90℃; for 18.0h; | 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole (29 mg, 0.16 mmol) and methyl trans-2-[(4'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)carbonyl]cyclopentanecarboxylate (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) were combined in 1-butanol. The solution was treated with 4 M HCl in dioxane (4 muL, 0.016 mmol) and heated at 90° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in methanol, and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo. The title compound was obtained as a pale yellow solid (55 mg, 77percent); LC-MS m/z 475.3 (MH+), retention time 3.97 minutes. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | With sulfuryl dichloride; at 20 - 60℃; for 100.0h; | Sulfuryl chloride (0.3 mL, 4.41 mmol) was added neat to 5-fluoro-benzothiazole-2-thiol (680 mg, 3.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour, and then heated to 60°C for 40 mins. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature, and poured onto ice, extracted with EtOAc (3x50 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2S04. The dried organic layers were concentrated to give 2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole (520 mg, 2.75 mmol, 75percent). ESI-MS (M+l): 187 calc. for C7H5CIFN4S 186. |
51% | With sulfuryl dichloride; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 1.0h;Cooling with ice; | General procedure: GP3-1: A solution of 2-halo substituted aniline (1.0 eq), potassium ethyl xanthate (1.2 eq or 2.2 eq,typically 2.2 eq) in 10 volume of anhydrous DMF was heated at 100 0Cor 120 0C for 4 hours under nitrogen. TLC monitored the progress ofreaction. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,diluted with water (10 volume) and neutralized by 1 M HCl solution to pH 5. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, rinsed with water, firstlydried by rotavapor, and then dried by oil pump to afford 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.GP3-2: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in 10 volume ofanhydrous DCM, was added by sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2, 1volume) under ice-cooled condition. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hour,which was monitored by TLC. After consumption of starting material, the mixturewas diluted by 30 volume of ether, following quenching carefully by addingwater. Stirring was kept for 1 hour to make sure the SO2Cl2was totally consumed and product was released. Organic layer was collected,neutralized by saturated NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4and purified by silica gel chromatograph to give the pure product, which wasfinally characterized by LC-MS and NMR. |
Sulfuryl chloride (50 muL, 0.65 mmol) was added neat to <strong>[155559-81-2]5-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol</strong> (100 mg, 0.54 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, then heated at 60° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was cooled to rt, and poured onto ice. The title compound was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum. The solid obtained was used without further purification; LC-MS m/z 188.1 (MH+), ret. time 3.27 min. |
With thionyl chloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; for 3.0h; | Step 2) Synthesis of 2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo [d] thiazole To a 50 mL of reaction flask were added 5-fluorobenzo [d] thiazole-2-thiol (1.00 g, 5.40 mmol) , thionyl chloride (5 mL) and N, N-dimethylformamide (0.10 mL) . The mixture was refluxed for 3 h and cooled to rt. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a product, which was used directly in the next step. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; copper; sodium nitrite; In water; | STR159 A solution of 242 g (3.5 mol) of sodium nitrite in 440 ml of water is added dropwise with stirring to a mixture, cooled to -10° C., of 147 g (0.87 mol) of 2-amino-5-fluoro-benzothiazole, 1700 ml of conc. hydrochloric acid and 20 g of copper power and the reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes and at 50° C. for a further 60 minutes. It is then extracted with chloroform and the solvent is carefully removed by distillation from the organic phase in a water-jet vacuum. 80 g (49percent of theory) of 2-chloro-5-fluoro-benzothiazole are obtained as a crystalline residue of melting point 69° C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
34% | With caesium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; | Example 144; 5-[4-(6-Fluoro-benzothiazol-2-yloxy)-benzyl]-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid amideStep A: [4-(6-Fluoro-benzothiazol-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-methanol. A mixture of <strong>[154327-27-2]2-chloro-5-fluorobenzthiazole</strong> (2.2 g, 12.0 mmol), 4-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (1.48 g, 12.0 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (8.6 g, 26.4 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was filtered and diluted with CH2Cl2 (200 mL) and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified via silica gel column chromatography (1% to 15% CH3OH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound (1.1 g, 34%). MS (ESI): Mass calcd for C14H10NO2SF, 275.0; m/z found, 276.1 [M+H]+ |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; at 180℃; for 2.0h;microwave; | A mixture of (l S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanaminehydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5 A; 470 mg, 2 mmol), <strong>[154327-27-2]2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole</strong> (see PREPARATION 6; 374 mg, 2 mmol) and DIEA (570 mg, 4 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) was heated to 180°C for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL) and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over Na2S04. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give N-((1S,3S)- 3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (450 mg, 1.28 mmol, 64percent yield). ESI-MS (M+l): 351 calc. for Ci5Hi2ClFN4OS 350. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 120℃; for 2.0h; | General procedure: The mono Boc-protected diamines (1eq.) in DMF were added potassium carbonate (2eq.) and intermediates 2 or 3 (2eq). The mixture was heated at 120 oC for 2h. After cooling, the solution was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with 1M HCl,1 M NaHCO3 and brine each for twice. The organic layer was dried and evaporated to give the crude final product. The product compound 5 was purified by silica gel column chromatography using PE-EA as an eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With thionyl chloride; at 50℃; for 2.0h; | General procedure: The substituted aniline (1eq.) and ammonium thiocyanate (2eq.) in 150mL glacial acetic acid were cooled in an ice bath and stirred mechanically. To the sulution, bromine (2eq.) in 25ml glacial acetic acid was added dropwise at such arate to keep the temperature below 10oC throughout the addition. Stirring was continued for additional 30 min after the bromine addition. The precipitate was collected and recrystallization from ethanol to give 2-aminobenzthiazoles. Then, the substituted 2-aminobenzthiazoles (1eq) in ethylene glycol were added hydrazine hydrate (2eq.) and hydrazine dihydrochloride (2eq). The mixture was heated at 140 oC for 2h. After cooling, the precipitate was filtered to give used directly for next step without further purification. Then, the hydrazino compound was added to thionyl chloride (1eq.) for 2h at 50 oC. After evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with 1 M NaHCO3 and brine each for twice. The organic layer was dried and evaporated to give the crude final product. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using PE-EA as an eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
0.126 g | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 120℃; | To a solution of Intermediate 75 (0.22 g, 0.581 mmol) in Acetic Acid (1.550 ml) was added hydrogen bromide, 33 wt. percent in acetic acid (Alfa Aesar, Avocado, Lancaster, 1.736 ml, 32.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was quenched with addition of 5 mL 1N NaOH solution and rotovapped and dried by vacuum pump. The residual solid was suspended in DMSO (2.325 ml) and Hunig's base (Aldrich, 0.406 ml, 2.325 mmol) and <strong>[154327-27-2]2-chloro-5-fluoro-benzothiazole</strong> (0.109 g, 0.581 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was heated to 120° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DCM and washed with water and brine. The crude was purified by Biotage (0-100percent EtOAc/hexane, 25 g column) to afford 1-cyclopropyl-3-(trans-3-((5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)amino)cyclobutyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one (0.126 g, 0.319 mmol, 55percent yield). M: 395.9. 1H NMR (300 MHz, MeOH) delta ppm 0.90-1.07 (m, 2H) 1.11-1.22 (m, 2H) 2.45-2.62 (m, 2H) 2.83-3.02 (m, 1H) 3.46-3.63 (m, 2H) 4.53-4.65 (m, 1H) 5.21-5.39 (m, 1H) 6.74-6.88 (m, 1H) 7.03-7.14 (m, 1H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 1H) 7.43-7.59 (m, 3H) 8.00-8.14 (m, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 120℃; for 2.0h;Microwave irradiation; | General procedure: Example 84: N-[(/5,25)-2-[(5-Fluoro-l<3-benzothiazol-2-yl)amino1cvclopentvl1-2<6- dimethoxybenzamide To a solution of N-[(iS,2S)-2-aminocyclopentyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 11; 200 mg, 0.665 mmol) in dry DMSO (2 ml) was added 2-chloro-5- fluoro-l,3-benzothiazole (CAS number 154327-27-2; 137 mg, 0.731 mmol) and DIPEA (0.348 ml, 1.995 mmol). The reaction was heated in the microwave at 120°C for 2 hours and then purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (acetonitrile / water with 0.1percent ammonia) to afford the title compound.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): delta ppm 1.43 - 1.63 (m, 2 H), 1.62 - 1.82 (m, 2 H), 1.93 -2.22 (m, 2 H), 3.32 (s, 6 H), 4.03 - 4.25 (m, 2 H), 6.56 - 6.66 (m, 2 H), 6.76 - 6.92 (m, 1 H), 7.04 - 7.18 (m, 1 H), 7.18 - 7.32 (m, 1 H), 7.59 - 7.72 (m, 1 H), 8.07 - 8.21 (m, 1 H),8.23 - 8.38 (m, 1 H)MS ES+: 416 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; | General procedure: GP4-1: A mixture of substituted2-chlorobenzothiazole (1.0eq), N-Bocpiperazine (1.05 eq) and Na2CO3 (1.2 eq) inDMF (10 volume) was heated up at 100 0C for hours, the process ofwhich was monitored by TLC. The mixture was diluted by EA and added by water.After extraction by EA (2 times), the collected organic layers were washed by10percent citric acid, and then brine, dried over Na2SO4 andconcentrated to give crude product, which could be used directly withoutfurther purification.GP4-2: N-Bocprotected amine in DCM (5 volume) was added by TFA (2.5 volume). The mixturewas stirred at rt for four hours and monitored by TLC. After consumption ofstarting material, volatile solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was neutralized by saturated Na2CO3 solution toobtain the slurry, which was extracted by 10percent methanol in DCM (3 times). Theorganic layers were collected, dried and concentrated to give the desired freeamine, for direct use for next step.GP4-3: Free amine (1.0 eq) suspendedin DCM (10 volume) was added by aldehyde (1.1 eq) under N2atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at rt 15 min. Then trimethylsilylazide?(TMSN3, 1.1 eq) was added, and stirring was kept foranother 15 min, followed by addition of isonitrile (1.0 eq). The mixture wasstirred at for 12 h. After removal of solvent, the residue was purified bypreparative TLC (DCM/MeOH as eluent) to give the product, which could bere-purified by trituration with ether. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
17% | j00612j To a solution of compound B-19 (150 mg, 0.65 mmol) and compound (R)-A-2 (0.12 g, 0.68 mmol) in dioxane (2.0 mL) was added dicyclohexyl-[2-(2,4,6- tnisopropylphenyl)phenyljphosphane-[2-(2-aminoethyl)phenylj -chloro-palladium (24 mg, 0.032mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.32 g, 3.31 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50°C for 2 hours under nitrogen, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instmment: GXB; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 100x21.2 mm, particle size: 4 .im; Mobile phase: 15-25percent acetonitrile in H20 (add 0.1percent TFA, v/v)j. The solution was treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:Compound (R)-27 (40 mg, 17percent yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR=3.29 mm., purity: 100.00percent; LCMS (FF): tR2. 149 mm, 333.1 mlz(M+1); ?H-NMR(CD3OD, 400 MHz): 7.89-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.12 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.59 (m, 1 H),3.50-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.37 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.93 (m, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
0.6 g | With sulfuryl dichloride; In dichloromethane; at 15℃; for 16.0h; | j00311j To a solution of compound B-18 (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added dropwise sulfonyl chloride (3.6 g, 27 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 16 hours, then quenched at 0 °C with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 25 mL). The combined organic phase was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate= 1:01 to give compound B-19 (0.6 g, 3.2 mmol, 59percent yield) as a white solid. GCMS: tR=7.673 mm, 186.9, (El) m/z (M). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65.1% | With dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II)*CH2Cl2; sodium carbonate; In ethanol; toluene; at 20 - 120℃; for 0.666667h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Microwave irradiation; | To 2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[djthiazole (15 mg, 0.080 mmol) and Intermediate I-i(32.2 mg, 0.096 mmol) was added toluene (0.75 mL) and EtOH (0.25 mL). The mixturewas stirred at room temperature until solids are dissolved, then[1,1? -bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenej dichloropalladium (II) complex with dichloromethane (1:1) (7.83 mg, 9.59 imol) was added. The flask was degassed and flushed with Ar. Finally sodium carbonate (2M, 0.12 mL, 0.24 mmol) was addeddropwise. The reaction vessel was sealed and bubbled with argon for 5 mm, then placedmicrowave reactor at 120 °C for 40 mm. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and was diluted with EtOAc and water, extracted with EtOAc (3X).The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Mg504 and concentrated. The crude material was purified via preparative LC/MS (method D, 60-100percent B over 10 mm.,then a 5-mm hold at 100percent B). Fractions containing the desired product were combined and dried via centrifugal evaporation to yield Example 60 (18.8mg, 0.052 mmol, 65.1 percent yield). ?H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J1.65 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (dd,J=4.81, 8.94 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (dd, J=2.48, 8.53 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.73-8.04 (m, 1H),7.44 (dt, J=2.75, 9.08 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (s, 3H). LC-MS: method C, a= 2.54 mm, MS (ESI)m/z: 361.9 (M+H)t Analytical HPLC purity (method A): 100percent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
28% | With caesium carbonate; In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; at 20℃; | Step 3: Dissolve 50 mg of 0.33 mmol of benzo[c][1,2]oxaborolan-1,5(3H)-diol in 5 mL of N-methylpyrrolidine.Then 75 mg, 0.40 mmol of <strong>[154327-27-2]2-chloro-5-fluorobenzothiazole</strong> and 162.9 mg, 0.5 mmol of cesium carbonate were added.The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.Then treating the reaction with ammonium chloride,Extracted with ethyl acetate,The organic phase is washed with saturated brine.Dry, concentrated, and the residual liquid is separated and purified by preparative high-performance liquid phase.Obtaining 5-(5-fluorobenzothiazol-2-oxy)benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol,White solid 28 mg, yield 28percent. |
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