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The evaluation of isatin analogues as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase
Prinsloo, Izak F. ; Petzer, Jacobus P. ; Cloete, Theunis T. , et al. Chem. Biol. Drug Des.,2023,102(5):1067-1074. DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14304 PubMed ID: 37500571
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Abstract: The small mol., isatin, is a well-known reversible inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes with IC50 values of 12.3 and 4.86μM for MAO-A and MAO-B, resp. While the interaction of isatin with MAO-B has been characterized, only a few studies have explored structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MAO inhibition by isatin analogs. The current study therefore evaluated a series of 14 isatin analogs as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results indicated good potency MAO inhibition for some isatin analogs with five compounds exhibiting IC50 < 1μM. 4-Chloroisatin (1b) and 5-bromoisatin (1f) were the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.812 and 0.125μM for MAO-A and MAO-B, resp. These compounds were also found to be competitive inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B with Ki values of 0.311 and 0.033μM, resp. Among the SARs, it was interesting to note that C5-substitution was particularly beneficial for MAO-B inhibition. MAO inhibitors are established drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, while potential new roles in prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease are being investigated.
Keywords: competitive ; inhibition ; isatin ; monoamine oxidase ; structure-activity relationship
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CAS No. : | 1127-59-9 | MDL No. : | MFCD00022797 |
Formula : | C9H7NO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | UEHZKEABUOAZSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 161.16 | Pubchem ID : | 14313 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P273-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H319-H412 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With bromine; In chloroform; at 20 - 80℃; for 24.25h; | Step 3: 5-bromo-7-methylindoline-2,3-dioneTo a stirred mixture of 7-methylindoline-2,3-dione (7 g, 0.043 mol) in chloroform (700 mL) was added a solution of bromine (2.8 mL, 0.053 mol) in chloroform (100 mL) dropwise over 15 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated at 80C for 24 h and then cooled to 0C, which resulted in precipitation of the product as a red solid. The solid was collected by suction filtration and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (8 g, 77%).XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 11.20 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H); ESI-MS: Calculated mass: 238.96; Observed mass: 238.30 [M-H]". |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | With ammonium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 20 - 30℃; for 4h;Sealed tube; | General procedure: A sealed tube was charged with isatin 1 (1a 147 mg, 1.0 mmol), ammonia hydrate 2 (25%, 421 mg, 3.0 mmol) and H2O2 (30%, 227 mg, 2.0 mmol) at room temperature, and then solvent DMSO (4 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30 C in a sealed vessel under air after 4 h, then added 50 mL water to the mixture, extracted with CH3COOC2H5 3 times (3 x 50 mL). The extract was washed with 30% NaCl solution (V/V), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 3:1) to yield the desired product 3a as a yellow solid (89% yield). |
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