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Buhlak, Shafeek ; Abad, Nadeem ; Akachar, Jihane ; Saffour, Sana ; Kesgun, Yunus ; Dik, Sevval , et al.
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive and deadly brain tumour, presents significant challenges in achieving effective treatment due to its resistance to current therapies and poor prognosis. This study aimed to synthesise and evaluate 23 novel analogues of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, designed to enhance druggability and solubility, and to investigate their potential as VEGFR2 inhibitors for GBM treatment. Methods: The synthesised compounds were analysed using in silico methods, including molecular docking and dynamics studies, to assess their interactions with key residues within the VEGFR2 binding pocket. In vitro evaluations were performed on U87-MG and U138-MG GBM cell lines using MTT assays to determine the IC50 values of the compounds. Results: Among the tested compounds, 4u (IC50 = 7.96 μM), 4t (IC50 = 10.48 μM), 4m (IC50 = 4.20 μM), and 4q (IC50 = 8.00 μM) demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects against both the U87-MG and U138-MG cell lines. These compounds exhibited markedly higher efficacy compared to temozolomide (TMZ), which showed IC50 values of 92.90 μM and 93.09 μM for U87-MG and U138-MG, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics studies confirmed strong interactions between the compounds and VEGFR2 kinase, supporting their substantial anti-cancer activity. Conclusions: This study highlights the promising potential of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues, particularly 4m, 4q, 4t, and 4u, as VEGFR2-targeting therapeutic agents for GBM treatment. Further detailed research is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.
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Keywords: glioblastoma multiforme ; 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one ; therapeutic efficacy ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamics ; VEGFA–VEGFR2 pathway ; anti-cancer
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Almeida, Ana RRP ; Pinheiro, Bruno DA ; León, Gastón P ; Postolnyi, Bogdan ; Araújo, Jo?o P ; Monte, Manuel JS
Abstract: Halogenated benzaldehydes possess unique chemical properties that render them valuable in pharmaceutical synthesis, pesticide formulation, and dye production. However, thorough thermodynamic data for these compounds remain scarce. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating key physical properties of several halogenated benzaldehydes, namely 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde, 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde. The physical properties determined in this study include volatility, phase transitions, and water solubility, all of which are crucial for predicting the environmental fate of these compounds. The vapor pressures of both crystalline and liquid phases were measured using a reliable static method, allowing for the determination of standard molar enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of sublimation and vaporization, as well as their triple points. The melting temperature and molar enthalpy, along with the isobaric molar heat capacity of the crystalline phase, were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. Water solubility was evaluated at 25?C through the saturation shake-flask method, complemented by ultra-violet visible spectroscopy. By combining sublimation and solubility data, additional properties such as Gibbs energies of hydration and Henry's law constants were derived. The experimental results were integrated into existing databases, enhancing the predictive models for properties including melting temperature, vapor pressure, solubility, Gibbs energy of hydration, and Henry's constant. These findings significantly improve the environmental modeling capabilities, providing valuable insights into the mobility and fate of halogenated benzaldehydes in various environmental contexts.
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Keywords: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde ; 4-bromobenzaldehyde ; 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde ; 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde ; 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde ; volatility ; phase transitions ; solubility
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Design and synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-chalcone conjugates as antikinetoplastid agents
Agarwal, Devesh S. ; Beteck, Richard M. ; Ilbeigi, Kayhan ; Caljon, Guy ; Legoabe, Lesetja J. ;
Abstract: A library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-appended chalcones were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS. The synthesized analogs were screened for their antikinetoplastid activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania infantum. The analogs were also tested for their cytotoxicity activity against human lung fibroblasts and primary mouse macrophages. Among all screened derivatives, (E)-N-(4-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide was found to be the most active against T. cruzi and T. b. brucei exhibiting IC50 values of 8.5 and 1.35 μM, resp. Against T. b. rhodesiense, (E)-N-(4-(3-(4-bromophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide was found to be the most active with an IC50 value of 1.13 μM. All synthesized active analogs were found to be non-cytotoxic against MRC-5 and PMM with selectivity indexes of up to more than 50.
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Keywords: antikinetoplastid ; chalcone ; drug likeliness properties ; imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ; neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei ; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
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Are β-Lactones Involved in Carbon-Based Olefination Reactions?
Jan Nowak ; Micha? Tryniszewski ; Micha? Barbasiewicz ;
Abstract: Heteroatom-based olefinating reagents (e.g., organic phosphonates, sulfonates, etc.) are used to transform carbonyl compounds into alkenes, and their mechanism of action involves aldol-type addition, cyclization, and fragmentation of four-membered ring intermediates. We have developed an analogous process using ethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methylmalonate, which converts electrophilic aryl aldehydes into α-methylcinnamates in up to 70% yield. The reaction plausibly proceeds through the formation of β-lactone that spontaneously decarboxylates under the reaction conditions. The results shed light on the Knoevenagel–Doebner olefination, for which decarboxylative anti-fragmentation of aldol-type adducts is usually considered.
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Keywords: olefination ; carbonyl compounds ; reaction mechanism ; lactones ; malonates ; Knoevenagel ; Doebner reaction
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Nitrothiazole-Thiazolidinone Hybrids: Synthesis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation
Dylan Hart ; Lesetja J. Legoabe ; Omobolanle J. Jesumoroti ; Audrey Jordaan ; Digby F. Warner ; Rebecca Steventon , et al.
Abstract: Herein we report the synthesis of novel compounds inspired by the antimicrobial activities of nitroazole and thiazolidin-4-one based compounds reported in the literature. Target compounds were investigated in?vitro for antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal, and overt cell toxicity properties. All compounds exhibited potent antitubercular activity. Most compounds exhibited low micromolar activity against S. aureus and C. albicans with no overt cell toxicity against HEK-293 cells nor haemolysis against human red blood cells. Notably, compound 3b exhibited low to sub-micromolar activities against Mtb, MRSA, and C. albicans. 3b showed superior activity (0.25?μg/ml) against MRSA compared to vancomycin (1?μg/ml).
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CAS No. : | 104-88-1 |
Formula : | C7H5ClO |
M.W : | 140.57 |
SMILES Code : | O=CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 |
MDL No. : | MFCD00003379 |
InChI Key : | AVPYQKSLYISFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 7726 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Danger |
Hazard Statements: | H303-H312-H318-H411 |
Precautionary Statements: | P273-P280-P302+P352+P312-P305+P351+P338+P310-P312-P362+P364-P391-P501 |
Class: | 9 |
UN#: | 3077 |
Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
Num. heavy atoms | 9 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 1.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 36.84 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
17.07 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
1.6 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
2.1 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
2.15 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
2.05 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
2.64 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
2.11 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-2.46 |
Solubility | 0.485 mg/ml ; 0.00345 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-2.09 |
Solubility | 1.15 mg/ml ; 0.00815 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-2.94 |
Solubility | 0.163 mg/ml ; 0.00116 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-5.67 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
2.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
1.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.0 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | With ammonium acetate In neat (no solvent) at 55℃; for 3 h; Green chemistry | General procedure: Polyhydroquinolines and DihydropyridinesA mixture of aldehyde (1 mmol), β-dicarbonyl compound (1or 2 mmol), NH4OAc (2.5 mmol), dimedone (1 mmol, whenused), and SBA-15/NHSO3H (5 molpercent) was stirred at 55 °C.After complete disappearance of starting material asindicated by TLC, the resulting mixture was diluted with hotEtOAc (10 mL) and filtered. The catalyst was completelyrecovered from the residue |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With iron supported on copper/Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 nanocatalyst In water at 20℃; Sonication | General procedure: In a typical experiment, aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), bketoester(2 mmol), ammonium acetate (1 mmol), and Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 (3 wtpercent) in 2 ml water were introduced in a 20-mL heavy-walled pear-shaped two-necked flask with nonstandard-tapered outer joint. The flask was attached to a12-mm tip diameter probe, and the reaction mixture was sonicated at ambient temperature at 20 percent power of the processor. After completion of the reaction (monitored byTLC, within 5–8 min), the solid product was filtered,washed with water and ethanol, dried, and recrystallized from ethanol. The supported reagent was washed thrice with water and ethanol and dried under vacuum before reuse. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | at 80℃; for 0.3 h; | General procedure: A mixture of the alkyl or aryl aldehyde (1 mmol), -dicarbonyl(2 mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.5 mmol) in the presence ofFe3O4NPs (0.024 g, equal to 10 molpercent) was heated at 80C, withstirring. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (elu-ent: EtOAc:n-hexane). After completion of the reaction, the mixturewas cooled to room temperature and then ethanol was added tothe resulting mixture and separated Fe3O4NPs by a normal mag-net. After evaporation of solvent, the solid product was filtered andrecrystallized from ethanol to give the pure products in 72–95percentyields based on the starting aldehyde. |
95% | With C23H3BF16N2O; ammonium acetate In toluene at 100℃; for 10 h; | In a 100 mL single-necked flask, 0.01 molpercent of Lewis acid-base bifunctional catalyst I was added (where Rf = CF3R1,R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 = F), 0.1 mol of p-chlorobenzaldehyde (R7 = 4-Cl-Ph), 0.1 mol of methyl acetoacetate (R8 = Me;Me), 0.1 mol of ammonium acetate, 10 mL of toluene, and the reaction was stirred at 100 ° C for 10 hours. TLC followed the reaction to complete the reaction. anti-The yield of the product II (R7 = 4-Cl-Ph; R8 = Me; R9 = Me) was 95percent; the catalyst system was reused 10 timesAfter its catalytic performance did not decline |
94% | for 2.25 h; Heating; Green chemistry | General procedure: A mixture of aldehyde 1 (1 mmol), 1,3-dicarbonyl compound 2 (2 mmol), and nitrogen source 3 (3 mmol) were mixed and heated in the presence of a low-melting sugar mixture.The progress of the reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane–ethyl acetate (7:3) as the solvent system. The Rf values of the product spots ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. After completion of the reaction, water was added to the reaction mixture to obtain the solid product as a precipitate. In cases where the product was obtained as a melt, several washings with water followed by bicarbonate solution gave crystalline products. The solids were filtered and washed with cold water. In most of the cases, the product obtained was pure, and when impure, the product was recrystallized from hot ethanol. Further two products were obtained as oils (Table 5, entries 4w and 4x). These products were extracted with ethyl acetate and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. Evaporation of the solvent gave the pure product as an oil. |
91% | at 100℃; for 0.25 h; Green chemistry | General procedure: To a glassy reactor equipped with a magnetic stir bar, amixture of aromatic aldehyde (1.0 mmol), β-keto ester(2 mmol), ammonium acetate (1.5 mmol) and n-Fe3O4(at)ZrO2/HPW (0.003 g, 15 mol percent) was added. The reactorwas put in an oil bath with the temperature of 100 °C andthe reaction was carried out under solvent-free condition.The progress of the reaction was monitored using TLCplates. When the reaction was completed, the mixture wasallowed to cool to room temperature. Afterwards, the mixturewas triturated with 5mL ethyl acetate and the catalystwas separated by the help of an external magnet. Then thesolvent was evaporated and the crude product was recrystallizedfrom EtOH/H2O to offer the pure product. |
90% | With uranyl nitrate hexahydrate; ammonium acetate In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.416667 h; Sonication | General procedure: To a solution of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), ethyl/methyl acetoacetate/acetylacetone (2.0 mmol) and ammonium acetate (1.0 mmol) in ethanol (3 mL), uranyl nitrate (10 molpercent) was added and the resultant reaction mixture was sonicated at room temperature for the required time (Table 1). The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was poured into crushed ice. The obtained solid was filtered, washed thoroughly with water, dried, and purified by recrystallisation in ethanol. |
A822961 [286013-17-0]
4-Chlorobenzaldehyde-alpha-13c
Reason: Stable Isotope