REVIEW Lithocholic acid is a steroidal bile acid that acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is produced by bacterial metabolism in the colon from chenodeoxycholic acid. It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis, with preliminary in vitro work indicating that it selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells and is cytotoxic to numerous other malignant cell types at physiologically relevant concentrations. Lithocholic acid and its acetate and propionate esters can activate the vitamin D receptor without raising calcium levels as much as vitamin D itself.
REFERENCES
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Xu, Zhengbang; Li, Kaixi; Zhao, Huaming Synthesis of lithocholic acid by Huang-Min-Lon modification in the presence of crown ether Sichuan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban (1992), 29(4), 527-9.
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Kozoni, V.; Tsioulias, G; Shiff, S; Rigas, B The effect of lithocholic acid on proliferation and apoptosis during the early stages of colon carcinogenesis: Differential effect on apoptosis in the presence of a colon carcinogen. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21 (5): 999-1005.
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Hofmann AF.Detoxification of lithocholic acid, a toxic bile acid: relevance to drug hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Rev. 2004 Oct;36(3-4):703-22.
[4]
Goldberg, AA; Beach, A; Davies, GF; Harkness, TA; Leblanc, A; Titorenko, VI (2011). Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget 2011, 2 (10): 761-82.
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