REVIEW Studies utilizing radioactive micronized silver sulfadiazine, electron microscopy, and biochemical techniques have revealed that the mechanism of action of silver sulfadiazine on bacteria differs from silver nitrate and sodium sulfadiazine. Silver sulfadiazine acts only on the cell membrane and cell wall to produce its bactericidal effect. A specific mechanism of action has not been determined, but silver sulfadiazine's effectiveness may possibly be from a synergistic interaction, or the action of each component. Silver is a biocide, which binds to a broad range of targets. Silver ions bind to nucleophilic amino acids, as well as sulfhydryl, amino, imidazole, phosphate, and carboxyl groups in proteins, causing protein denaturation and enzyme inhibition. Silver binds to surface membranes and proteins, causing proton leaks in the membrane, leading to cell death. Sulfadiazine is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid.
REFERENCES
[1]
Fox CL Jr, Modak SM: Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974 Jun;5(6):582-8.
[2]
Russell AD, Hugo WB: Antimicrobial activity and action of silver. Prog Med Chem. 1994;31:351-70.
[3]
Percival SL, Bowler PG, Russell D: Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. J Hosp Infect. 2005 May;60(1):1-7.
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