スルファミン酸 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の結(jié)晶
性質(zhì)
スルファミン酸は水に溶けると強(qiáng)い酸性を示します。酸解離定數(shù)はKa = 1.01×10?1です。スルファミン酸水溶液はほぼ無臭で、刺激性はありません。容易に金屬塩を溶かしますが、金屬を腐食しません。
スルファミン酸を水中で加熱すると、アンモニアが放出され、硫酸になります。冷水中で徐々に、80°C以上ですぐに加水分解し、硫酸水素アンモニウムに変わります。
溶解性
水に溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けにくい。
解説
スルファミン酸とは、のヒドロキシ基をアミノ基に置換して得られる構(gòu)造を有する水溶性の化學(xué)物質(zhì)です。
アミド硫酸とも呼ばれます。常溫では白色の固體で、加熱すると205°Cで分解します。に溶けにくいです。固體は吸濕性がなく、純品を得やすいです。スルファミン酸はと発煙硫酸を用いて合成できます。
スルファミン酸は亜硝酸と反応すると、窒素ガスを生じます。還元剤として働くため、硝酸との反応では亜酸化窒素を生成可能です。
用途
亜硝酸除去剤、還元剤、有機(jī)合成觸媒。
用途
めっき用浴PH調(diào)整剤、アルカリ滴定の標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液、塩素安定剤(水泳用プール等)、酸やニトリルの洗浄用、硝酸規(guī)定液の標(biāo)定、試験研究用薬品、人口甘味料原料、醫(yī)薬原料、酸性洗浄剤
用途
亜硝酸等の還元剤、有機(jī)、無機(jī)合成原料。
構(gòu)造
図2. スルファミン酸の構(gòu)造
スルファミン酸の化學(xué)式はH3NSO3で、モル質(zhì)量は97.10g/mol、密度は2.15g/cm3です。液體アンモニア中で、水素イオンを2段階放出し、ジアニオンを生じます。
スルファミン酸の構(gòu)造は、4種の異性體の中で、中性型ではなく、互変異性體である雙性イオン型の1つを取っています。中性子回折法の結(jié)果により、結(jié)晶中では水素原子3つがすべて窒素から1.03?の距離に位置しているためです。硫黃原子と酸素原子の結(jié)合距離は1.44?、硫黃原子と窒素原子の結(jié)合距離は1.77?です。硫黃-窒素結(jié)合は、長い単結(jié)合性と短い二重結(jié)合性があります。
化學(xué)的特性
Sulfamic acid is a white orthorhombic flaky crystal, odorless, non-volatile and non-hygroscopic. Soluble in water and liquid ammonia, slightly soluble in methanol, insoluble in ethanol and ether, also insoluble in carbon disulfide and liquid sulfur dioxide. Its aqueous solution has the same strong acid properties as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, but its corrosiveness to metals is much lower than that of hydrochloric acid. The toxicity is extremely small, but it should not be in contact with the skin for a long time, and it should not enter the eyes.
使用
Sulfamic acid is widely used in electroplating, hard-water scale reremovers, acidic cleaning agent, chlorine stabilizers, sulfonating agents, denitrification agents, disinfectants, flame retardants, herbicides, artificial sweeteners and catalysts.
Sulfamic acid is a precursor to sweet-tasting compounds. Reaction with cyclohexylamine followed by addition of NaOH gives C6H11NHSO3Na, sodium cyclamate.
Sulfamic acid is a water-soluble, moderately strong acid. An intermediate between sulfuric acid and sulfamide, it can be used as a precursor to sweet-tasting compounds, a therapeutic drug component, an acidic cleaning agent, and a catalyst for esterification.
定義
ChEBI: Sulfamic acid is the simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms. It is a strong acid, readily forming sulphamate salts, which is extremely soluble in water and normally exists as the zwitterion H3N+. SO3–.
主な応用
Sulfamic acid, the monoamide of sulfuric acid, is a strong inorganic acid. It is generally used in chemical cleaning processes like removal of nitrites, carbonate- and phosphate-containing deposits.
Sulfamic acid can be used as a catalyst in:
Friedlander quinoline synthesis.
Liquid Beckmann rearrangement for the synthesis of amides from ketoximes.
The preparation of α-aminophosphonates via a three-component reaction between aldehydes, amines, and diethyl phosphite.
反応性
Sulfamic acid is a strong acid that reacts with many basic compounds. It is heated to above the melting point (209°C) under normal pressure to begin to decompose, and continues to be heated to above 260°C to decompose into sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and water.
(1) Sulfamic acid can react with metals to form transparent crystalline salts. Such as:
2H2NSO3H+Zn→Zn(SO3NH2)2+H2.
(2) Can react with metal oxides, carbonates and hydroxides:
FeO+2HSO3NH2→Fe(SO3NH2)2+H2O2
CaCO3+2HSO3NH2→Ca(SO3NH2)2+H2O+CO23
Ni(OH)2+2HSO3NH2→Ni(SO3NH2)2+H2O.
(3) Can react with nitrate or nitrite:
HNO3+HSO3NH2→H2SO4+N2O+H2O2
HNO2+HSO3NH2→H2SO4+N2+H2O.
(4) Can react with oxidants (such as potassium chlorate, hypochlorous acid, etc.):
KClO3+2HSO3NH2→2H2SO4+KCl+N2+H2O2
2HOCl+HSO3NH2→HSO3NCl2+2H2O
一般的な説明
Sulfamic acid appears as a white crystalline solid. Density 2.1 g / cm3. Melting point 205°C. Combustible. Irritates skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Low toxicity. Used to make dyes and other chemicals. It is used as a raw material for the preparation of a synthetic sweetener i.e, sodium cyclohexylsulfamate.
空気と水の反応
Moderately soluble in water [Hawley].
反応プロフィール
Sulfamic acid reacts exothermically with bases. Aqueous solutions are acidic and corrosive.
危険性
Toxic by ingestion.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災(zāi)危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
使用用途
スルファミン酸は、人工甘味料であるチクロ (英: Cyclamate) の原料です。別の人工甘味料であるアセスルファムカリウムも、スルファミン酸から合成されます。
スルファミン酸と2-エチルヘキサノールの反応では、硫酸2-エチルヘキシルを合成可能です。硫酸2-エチルヘキシルは、綿のシルケット加工で濕潤剤として使用されます。また、酸塩基滴定では標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)として用いられます。具體的には、水溶液の濃度を正確に求めるため、標(biāo)定に利用可能です。
さらにスルファミン酸は、金屬やセラミックの洗浄剤や錆び落としに使用されます。の代わりにスルファミン酸が主成分のトイレクリーナーもあり、塩酸特有の臭いがしません。
化學(xué)性質(zhì)
色透明の斜方晶系の結(jié)晶で，揮發(fā)性も吸濕性もない。水，ホルムアルデヒドに溶解し，メタノール，エタノールに少し溶解する。水溶液中では電離度が大きく，硫酸，塩酸，硝酸に匹敵する強(qiáng)酸性を示すが，有機(jī)物に対する腐食性はなく，その塩類は水に溶解する。
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A human skin irritant. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. A substance that migrates to food from packaging materials. Violent or explosive reactions with chlorine, metal nitrates + heat, metal nitrites + heat, fuming HNO3. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx. See also SULFONATES.
毒性學(xué)
Sulfamic acid can be absorbed into the body through inhalation of its aerosols and ingestion, causing symptoms of coughing and sore throat upon inhalation; it is irritating to the skin and eyes with symptoms of redness, pain or burns; Inhaling sulfamic acid can irritate the nose and throat.
High exposure to sulfamic acid can irritate the lungs.
Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs
(pulmonary edema), a medical emergency.
sulfamic acid can cause nausea, vomiting and stomach
pain.
Repeated exposure to sulfamic acid may affect the liver
and kidneys.
職業(yè)ばく露
Sulfamic acid is used in metal and ceramic cleaning, bleaching paper pulp; and textiles metal; in acid cleaning; as a stabilizing agent for chlorine and hypochlorite in swimming pools; cooling towers; and paper mills.
合成方法
尿素をやや過剰の発煙硫酸と反応させ，生成する粗スルファミン酸結(jié)晶を分離し，再結(jié)晶して製品とする。
輸送方法
UN2967 Sulfamic acid, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
純化方法
Crystallise NH2SO3H from water at 70o (300mL per 25g), after filtering, by cooling a little and discarding the first batch of crystals (about 2.5g) before standing in an ice-salt mixture for 20minutes. The crystals are filtered off by suction, washed with a small quantity of ice cold water, then twice with cold EtOH and finally with Et2O. Dry it in air for 1hour, then store it in a desiccator over Mg(ClO4)2 [Butler et al. Ind Eng Chem (Anal Ed) 10 690 1938]. For the preparation of primary standard material see Pure Appl Chem 25 459 1969.
不和合性
The aqueous solution is a strong acid. Reacts violently with strong acids (especially fuming nitric acid), bases, chlorine. Reacts slowly with water, forming ammonium bisulfate. Incompatible with ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, oxidizers.
スルファミン酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品