炭酸カリウム 化學特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粉末又は粒
定義
本品は、炭酸の二カリウム塩であり、次の化學式で表される。
溶解性
水に溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
解説
炭酸カリウム，たんさんかりうむ，K2CO3(138.21)．単にカリともいう．水酸化カリウム水溶液に二酸化炭素を作用させて濃縮すると得られる．また，炭酸水素カリウムの熱分解により無水物が得られる．無水物は白色の粉末．密度2.42 g cm－3．融點891 ℃(分解)．潮解性で，水に易溶，エタノール，アセトンに不溶．水溶液はアルカリ性を示し，二酸化炭素を吸収して炭酸水素カリウムを生じる．水溶液からは常溫で二水和物が析出する．ほかに1.5水和物(単斜晶系．密度2.04 g cm－3)がある．軟せっけん，ガラス，陶磁器，醫(yī)薬品などの原料，染色，漂白，脫水剤，肥料，炭酸ナトリウムと混合して分析用融剤などに用いられる．
用途
石鹸、ガラス、陶器、赤色顔料、各種カリウム塩の製造、; エッティング、リソグラフ、皮のなめしや仕上げ等の工程、 シャンプー、分析化學で有機溶剤の脫水、醫(yī)薬品助剤(アルカリ化剤)
用途
高純度金屬化合物。
用途
食品添加物用。
化粧品の成分用途
pH調(diào)整剤
効能
アルカリ化剤
使用上の注意
吸濕性が強い
化學的特性
Potassium carbonate is a white, crystalline, salt that forms basic aqueous solutions used in the production of fertilizer, glass, ceramics, explosives, soaps, chemicals, and wool treatments. It was the main compound once referred to as potash, although the term today is not reserved exclusively for potassium carbonate, but for several potassium salts. In the fertilizer industry, potash refers to potassium oxide, K2O, rather than potassium carbonate. Pearlash is a purer form of potash made by heating potash to remove impurities.
使用
Potassium carbonate is used in the chemical industry as a source of inorganic potassium salts (potassium silicates, potassium bicarbonate), which are used in fertilizers, soaps, adhesives, dehydrating agents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Potassium carbonate used to make potassium lye produces soft soaps, which are liquids or semisolids rather than solids. Other uses of potassium carbonate includes use as a fire suppressant in extinguishers, as a CO2 absorbent for chemical processes and pollution control, an antioxidant in rubber additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations.
調(diào)製方法
Potassium carbonate can be obtained from ash or by electrolysis of potassium chloride. Another method involves reacting potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide. The resulting liquid carbonate contains approximately 50% potassium carbonate in water. However, the solid product, which contains over 70% potassium carbonate, is expensive and only suitable for certain types of acidic soil. Additionally, neutralizing caustic potash with carbon dioxide also yields potassium carbonate.
定義
ChEBI: Potassium carbonate is a potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has a role as a catalyst, a fertilizer and a flame retardant. It is a carbonate salt and a potassium salt.
製造
炭酸のカリウム塩。水酸化カリウムの45～50％溶液に二酸化炭素を吹き込み、全部が炭酸カリウムとなったところで不純物を濾別(ろべつ)し、真空濃縮することによって製造される。
2KOH+CO2→K2CO3+H2O
また、炭酸水素カリウムとして析出させてから熱分解する方法も行われる。
2KHCO3→K2CO3+CO2+H2O
一般的な説明
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) which forms a strongly alkaline solution. It can be made as the product of potassium hydroxide's absorbent reaction with carbon dioxide. It presents a large capacity to absorb moisture.Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 12.8 lb /gal. Used to make soaps, other potassium compounds, in liquid fertilizers.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble. Addition of water evolves heat.
反応プロフィール
Potassium carbonate neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84°C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
危険性
Solutions irritating to tissue.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion. A
strong caustic. Incompatible with KCO,
chlorine trifluoride, magnesium. Mutation
data reported. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O.
純化方法
It crystallises from water between 100o and 0o. The solubility in H2O is 105% at 0o, 127% at 60o and 205% at 135o (b of saturated solution). After two recrystallisations of technical grade material, it had B, Li and Fe at 1.0, 0.04 and 0.01 ppm, respectvely. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987 1963.]
參考文獻
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_carbonatehttps://www.drugs.com/inactive/potassium-carbonate-106.htmlhttp://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926681https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-CarbonateSolubility of Potassium Carbonate and Potassium Hydrocarbonate in Methanol DOI:
10.1021/JE020012V
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